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Título
Positivity to cocaine and/or benzoylecgonine in confirmation analyses for on-road tests in Spain
Autor
Año del Documento
2021
Editorial
MDPI
Descripción
Producción Científica
Documento Fuente
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, Vol. 18, Nº. 10, 5371
Resumo
We are using real-life data in order to determine the prevalence of driving with the presence of cocaine and/or benzoylecgonine (BZE), their concentrations, and their use in combination with other drugs. This study assessed data on Spanish drivers with confirmed drug-positive results recorded by the Spanish National Traffic Agency from 2011–2016. Frequencies of positivity for cocaine and/or BZE and concentration of such substances were obtained. Comparisons and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Drivers who tested positive for cocaine and/or BZE accounted for 48.59% of the total positive results for drugs. In positive cases for both cocaine and BZE, other substances were detected in 81.74%: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (68.19%), opioids (20.78%) and amphetamine-like substances (16.76%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the frequency of cocaine and/or BZE positive cases decreased with age (OR:0.97) and were less likely among women (OR:0.63). Concentrations (ng/mL) of cocaine (249.30) and BZE (137.90) were higher when both substances were detected together than when detected alone. Positivity to cocaine represented an important proportion among Spanish drivers who tested positive for drugs, and polysubstance use was especially observed in more than 8 out of 10 positive cases for cocaine and/or BZE.
Materias (normalizadas)
Automobile driving
Automóviles - Conducción
Drunk driving - Spain
Cocaine - Toxicology
Saliva
Psychotropic drugs
Abuso de substancias
Drugs of abuse - Analysis
Pharmacology
Toxicology
Materias Unesco
3214 Toxicología
3209 Farmacología
ISSN
1660-4601
Revisión por pares
SI
Patrocinador
Instituto de Salud Carlos III y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (RD16/0017/0006)
Version del Editor
Propietario de los Derechos
© 2021 The authors
Idioma
eng
Tipo de versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Derechos
openAccess
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