Objective: Some adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been related to
basal and adiponectin levels and metabolic parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of
the genetic variant rs1501299 ADIPOQ gene on biochemical changes after weight loss secondary to a highprotein and low-carbohydrate diet versus a standard severe hypocaloric diet over 9 mo as the primary
endpoint.
Methods: A white population of 270 obese patients was enrolled in a randomized clinical trial with two hypocaloric diets (high-protein and low carbohydrate diet [HP] versus standard diet [S]) over 9 mo of intervention. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined GT and TT as a group (T-allele carriers) and GG
as second group (non T-allele carriers). Before and after 12 wk on each hypocaloric diet, an anthropometric
evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake, and a biochemical analysis were realized.
Results: With both dietary interventions, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, waist circumference,
systolic blood pressure, and leptin levels decreased. In non T-allele carriers after both diets, the decrease in
total cholesterol levels 12.3 § 2.2 mg/dL (T-allele carriers 6.9 § 2.1 mg/dL; P = 0.01 diet HP) and 12.2 §
3.1 mg/dL (T-allele carriers 4.7 § 1.2 mg/dL; P = 0.02 after diet S), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 13.2
§ 2.7 mg/dL (T-allele carriers 6.1 § 2.1 mg/dL; P = 0.02 after diet HP) and 9.3 § 1.8 mg/dL (T-allele carriers
4.8 § 2.9 mg/dL; P = 0.01 after diet S), triacylglycerol levels 12.7 § 6.1 mg/dL (T-allele carriers 6 § 2.9
mg/dL; P = 0.01 after diet HP) and 16.3 § 7.2 mg/dL (T-allele carriers 5.3 § 1.4 mg/dL; P = 0.03 after diet
S), insulin levels 5 § 1.1 mUI/L (in T-allele 1.7 § 0.9 mUI/L; P = 0.02 after diet HP) and 3.2 1.1 mUI/L
(T-allele carriers 0.7 § 0.7 mUI/L; P = 0.02 after diet S), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels 0.4 § 0.2 units (T-allele group 0.1 § 0.1; P = 0.04 after diet HP) and 0.7 § 0.1 units (T-allele
carriers 0.1 § 0.5 mg/dL; P = 0.01 after diet S) was higher than T-allele carriers. Only no T-allele carriers
showed an increase in adiponectin levels after both diets.
Conclusion: After two different hypocaloric diets during 9 mo of intervention, the GG genotype of an ADIPOQ
gene variant (rs1501299) is related to better improvement in adiponectin levels, insulin resistance, and lipid
profile than T-allele carriers
