ANFIS-based output power estimation in photovoltaic cells using electroluminescence image features

Abstract

This manuscript introduces two Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems developed to predict the energy output of Photovoltaic cells. These models are trained using Electroluminescence imagery of the cells for input data along their Current–Voltage curves, which offer insights output power of cells. The input characteristics of the cells are quantified based on pixel distribution and classified into three distinct categories: Black, White, and Gray values. The second model enhances this representation by incorporating an additional fuzzy categorization input, derived from a Mamdani Classifier Fuzzy Logic Model. By combining the rule-based interpretability of Fuzzy Logic with the adaptive learning capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) emerges as an alternative to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This approach contributes to Explainable Artificial Intelligence by addressing one of the major limitations of CNNs—the lack of symbolic knowledge representation, while maintaining robust learning performance. Comparative analysis with other Machine Learning techniques demonstrates the enhanced performance provided by ANFIS models, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.053 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.007.