Background: The role of CB2R gene variants on weight loss after a dietary intervention has been investigated in few studies.
Objective: We evaluate the effect of this genetic variant (rs3123554) of CB2R gene on cardiovascular risk
factors and weight loss secondary to high monounsaturated fat vs a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric
diets.
Design: A Caucasian population of 362 obese patients was enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated
during 3 months to one of two diets (Diet P high polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fat hypocaloric diet vs, Diet M
high monounsaturated (MUFAs) fat hypocaloric diet).
Results: In both genotype groups (GG vs GAþAA), body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, waist
circumference and systolic blood pressure decreased after diet P and M. Body weight, BMI, fat mass and
waist circumference were higher in A allele carriers than non A allele carriers. The improvement of these
parameters was higher in non A allele carriers than A allele carriers. In non A allele carriers with both
diets, the decrease of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin and HOMA-IR was higher than A allele
carriers after both diets. After diet P, triglyceride levels decrease in non A allele carriers.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that carriers of the minor allele of rs3123554 variant of CB2R gene lose less
body weight during to different hypocaloric diets with different fatty acid. Moreover, non A-allele carriers showed a better response of LDL-cholesterol, HOMA-IR and insulin levels than A-carriers with both
hypocaloric diets
