dc.contributor.author | Martín Fernández, Ana | |
dc.contributor.author | Martínez Cagigal, Víctor | |
dc.contributor.author | Moreno Calderón, Selene | |
dc.contributor.author | SantaMaría Vazquez, Eduardo | |
dc.contributor.author | Hornero Sánchez, Roberto | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-01T07:59:45Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-07-01T07:59:45Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2025, vol. 108, p. 107894 | es |
dc.identifier.issn | 1746-8094 | es |
dc.identifier.uri | https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76171 | |
dc.description | Producción Científica | es |
dc.description.abstract | Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEP) enable users to
control devices through brain activity. These systems typically employ black and white flashes encoded
via pseudo-random binary sequences to synchronize brain responses with specific commands. However, this
traditional encoding often induces visual fatigue in users. Additionally, the sharp contrast of black and
white commands can obscure the background on which they are displayed, complicating the integration
of this technology in dynamic environments. Using semi-transparent stimuli could address these issues by
reducing eyestrain and enabling compatibility with diverse backgrounds. However, the impact of opacity in
c-VEP stimuli remains unexplored. This study aims to assess how varying visual stimulus opacity influences
system accuracy and user experience. Six different opacity and background combinations were tested with ten
healthy participants, who rated visual fatigue on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (extreme) after each condition.
Results showed that traditional encoding achieved 100% accuracy but induced high fatigue (6.4 points). A
configuration with 100% opacity for black and 50% for white maintained high accuracy (99.38%) while
reducing fatigue to 3.7 points. Brain responses were consistent when both black and white stimuli were
present, but patterns changed when one color was omitted. Spatial filters revealed stable c-VEP decoding
from the parieto-occipital cortex, with slightly higher activation in low-contrast conditions. The findings from
this study suggest that adjusting the opacity of stimuli in c-VEP-based BCI can optimize the balance between
performance and user experience. Implementing a reduction in opacity not only improves visual fatigue but
may also facilitate the integration of c-VEP systems into lifelike environments. | es |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | es |
dc.language.iso | eng | es |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | es |
dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject.classification | Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) | es |
dc.subject.classification | Code-modulated visual evoked potentials | es |
dc.subject.classification | (c-VEP) | es |
dc.subject.classification | Opacity | es |
dc.subject.classification | Visual fatigue | es |
dc.title | Enhancing user experience in c-VEP-based BCI: Effects of visual stimulus opacity on performance and visual fatigue | es |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es |
dc.rights.holder | © 2025 The Author(s) | es |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.bspc.2025.107894 | es |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1746809425004057 | es |
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage | 107894 | es |
dc.identifier.publicationtitle | Biomedical Signal Processing and Control | es |
dc.identifier.publicationvolume | 108 | es |
dc.peerreviewed | SI | es |
dc.description.project | This work was supported by the project 0124_EUROAGE_MAS_4_E, cofunded by the European Union through the Interreg VI-A Spain- Portugal Program (POCTEP) 2021–2027. This publication is part of the TED2021-129915B-I00 action, funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/ 501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR. | es |
dc.description.project | Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León) y la Federación Europea de Organizaciones de Investigación (FEDER) (VA140P2) | es |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional | * |
dc.type.hasVersion | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | es |
dc.subject.unesco | 33 Ciencias Tecnológicas | es |
dc.subject.unesco | 32 Ciencias Médicas | es |