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    Por favor, use este identificador para citar o enlazar este ítem:https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76171

    Título
    Enhancing user experience in c-VEP-based BCI: Effects of visual stimulus opacity on performance and visual fatigue
    Autor
    Martín Fernández, Ana
    Martínez Cagigal, VíctorAutoridad UVA Orcid
    Moreno Calderón, SeleneAutoridad UVA Orcid
    SantaMaría Vazquez, EduardoAutoridad UVA
    Hornero Sánchez, RobertoAutoridad UVA Orcid
    Año del Documento
    2025
    Editorial
    Elsevier
    Descripción
    Producción Científica
    Documento Fuente
    Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2025, vol. 108, p. 107894
    Zusammenfassung
    Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEP) enable users to control devices through brain activity. These systems typically employ black and white flashes encoded via pseudo-random binary sequences to synchronize brain responses with specific commands. However, this traditional encoding often induces visual fatigue in users. Additionally, the sharp contrast of black and white commands can obscure the background on which they are displayed, complicating the integration of this technology in dynamic environments. Using semi-transparent stimuli could address these issues by reducing eyestrain and enabling compatibility with diverse backgrounds. However, the impact of opacity in c-VEP stimuli remains unexplored. This study aims to assess how varying visual stimulus opacity influences system accuracy and user experience. Six different opacity and background combinations were tested with ten healthy participants, who rated visual fatigue on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (extreme) after each condition. Results showed that traditional encoding achieved 100% accuracy but induced high fatigue (6.4 points). A configuration with 100% opacity for black and 50% for white maintained high accuracy (99.38%) while reducing fatigue to 3.7 points. Brain responses were consistent when both black and white stimuli were present, but patterns changed when one color was omitted. Spatial filters revealed stable c-VEP decoding from the parieto-occipital cortex, with slightly higher activation in low-contrast conditions. The findings from this study suggest that adjusting the opacity of stimuli in c-VEP-based BCI can optimize the balance between performance and user experience. Implementing a reduction in opacity not only improves visual fatigue but may also facilitate the integration of c-VEP systems into lifelike environments.
    Materias Unesco
    33 Ciencias Tecnológicas
    32 Ciencias Médicas
    Palabras Clave
    Brain-computer interfaces (BCI)
    Code-modulated visual evoked potentials
    (c-VEP)
    Opacity
    Visual fatigue
    ISSN
    1746-8094
    Revisión por pares
    SI
    DOI
    10.1016/j.bspc.2025.107894
    Patrocinador
    This work was supported by the project 0124_EUROAGE_MAS_4_E, cofunded by the European Union through the Interreg VI-A Spain- Portugal Program (POCTEP) 2021–2027. This publication is part of the TED2021-129915B-I00 action, funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/ 501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR.
    Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León) y la Federación Europea de Organizaciones de Investigación (FEDER) (VA140P2)
    Version del Editor
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1746809425004057
    Propietario de los Derechos
    © 2025 The Author(s)
    Idioma
    eng
    URI
    https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76171
    Tipo de versión
    info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
    Derechos
    openAccess
    Aparece en las colecciones
    • GIB - Artículos de revista [37]
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