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Título
Toward the integration of mixed reality and brain-computer interfaces based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials
Autor
Año del Documento
2025
Editorial
Elsevier
Descripción
Producción Científica
Documento Fuente
Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, 2025, vol. 45, n. 3, p. 528-538
Resumen
Background and objective: Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems can assist individuals with severe motor disabilities by enabling communication through their brain signals using spellers, which allow selecting commands from a set of options. For this technology, accuracy, speed and user comfort are essential. Code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs) have demonstrated promising performance in BCI control. Integrating BCI systems with mixed reality (MR) could provide portability and autonomy. However, to the best of our knowledge, no existing studies have explored the feasibility of combining MR with c-VEP-based BCIs. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the performance of integrating MR with c-VEP-based BCIs and (2) study the visual fatigue induced by c-VEPs compared to traditional screen. Methods: Twenty participants used a 36-character speller to select words in both MR and traditional screen conditions. Metrics like accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) were measured. Usability and eyestrain were evaluated through questionnaires. Results: The integration of MR with c-VEPs achieved an accuracy of 96.71 % and an ITR of 27.55 bits/min, compared to 95.98 % accuracy and 27.10 bits/min for the conventional screen condition. The questionnaires revealed minimal levels of visual fatigue in both conditions and high usability. No significant differences were observed between conditions in terms of performance or visual fatigue. Conclusions: The c-VEP-based speller with MR-BCI technology proved feasible, achieving performance levels similar to the conventional setup, with high accuracy in both conditions. The study also found comparable visual fatigue between MR and traditional screens, supporting the practicality of MR integration in BCI systems.
Materias Unesco
33 Ciencias Tecnológicas
32 Ciencias Médicas
Palabras Clave
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI)
Code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP)
Mixed reality (MR)
Eyestrain
Electroencephalography (EEG)
ISSN
0208-5216
Revisión por pares
SI
Patrocinador
This research was supported by the project 0124_EUROAGE_MAS_4_E, cofunded by the European Union through the Interreg VI-A Spain-Portugal Program (POCTEP) 2021-2027
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y la Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR (TED2021-129915B-I00)
Junta de Castilla y León - Consejería de Educación y la UE-FEDER ( proyecto VA140P2)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y la Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR (TED2021-129915B-I00)
Junta de Castilla y León - Consejería de Educación y la UE-FEDER ( proyecto VA140P2)
Version del Editor
Propietario de los Derechos
© 2025 The Author(s)
Idioma
eng
Tipo de versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Derechos
openAccess
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